The death of Cleitus who Alexander the Great killed is a poignant and tragic episode in ancient Greek history, illuminating the complexities of loyalty, power, and personal relationships. This event unfolded during the reign of Alexander the Great and had a profound impact on his legacy and those involved.
The death of Cleitus who Alexander the Great killed
Background and Loyalty
Cleitus, known as Cleitus the Black, was a close companion and trusted officer in Alexander’s inner circle. He had fought alongside Alexander in numerous battles and had saved his life at the Battle of Granicus. This loyalty earned him a prominent position among the Macedonian nobility, despite his common origins.
The Fatal Banquet
The fatal incident occurred during a banquet in the city of Maracanda (modern-day Samarkand, Uzbekistan) in 328 BCE. Alexander had introduced the Persian custom of proskynesis, a gesture of obeisance that many Macedonians found offensive. Cleitus, fueled by wine and resentment, openly criticized this practice and accused Alexander of forsaking Macedonian traditions.
The Heated Argument
An argument ensued, escalating quickly into a heated exchange. Cleitus vehemently condemned Alexander’s growing megalomania and extravagance, contrasting it with the modesty and camaraderie of their earlier campaigns. Alexander, in a fit of rage, threw an apple at Cleitus, prompting him to draw his sword.
The Tragic Outcome
In the ensuing scuffle, Cleitus wounded Alexander, but before he could deliver a fatal blow, other companions intervened. In a tragic twist, Cleitus was struck down by the hands of his comrades. Alexander, realizing the gravity of his actions, was consumed by guilt and grief for the loss of his loyal friend.
The Aftermath
The death of Cleitus had far-reaching consequences. Alexander was overwhelmed with remorse, to the point of fasting and mourning for days. It marked a turning point in his reign, as he increasingly adopted Persian customs and distanced himself from his Macedonian heritage. This shift led to growing tensions between him and his Macedonian officers.
Legacy
The death of Cleitus serves as a cautionary tale of how power and hubris can strain even the strongest bonds of friendship and loyalty. It also highlights the personal and psychological toll of leadership. Cleitus’ tragic end is a reminder of the complexities of human nature and the profound impact of one fateful moment on the course of history.